Rapid setting polyurethanes from diols and polyisocyanates prepared in the presence of an organic carbonate

ABSTRACT

Mixtures comprising a low molecular weight diol, a liquid modifier compound having a boiling point above about 150*C, such as an organic carbonate, a polyisocyanate having a functionality of at least about 2.5 and an organometallic catalyst instantly set, after a brief induction period, to a solid, dense, rigid polymeric product which can be demolded within a period of from less than 1 minute to about 5 minutes.

United States Patent 1 1 Olstowski RAPID SETTING POLYURETHANES FROM DIOLS AND POLYISOCYANATES PREPARED IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ORGANIC CARBONATE [75] Inventor: Franciszek 0lstowski,Freeport,

Tex.

[73] Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company,

Midland, Mich.

[22] Filed: Dec. 7, 1973 21 Appl. No.2 422,330

Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 358,245, May 7, 1973. Pat. No. 3,801,532, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 205,697, Dec. 7, 1971, abandoned.

[52] U.S. C1. 260/32.2; 260/18 TN; 260/302; 260/304 N; 260/306 R; 260/312 N;

260/316; 260/31.8 R;'260/33.4 UR;

260/336 UB; 260/338 UB; 260/775 AP [51] Int. Cl C08g 22/16 [58] Field of Search 260/322, 45.85 T, 45.8 A

14 1 May 13, 1975 Primary ExaminerEugene C. Rzucidlo Atlorne'y, Agenl, 0r Firm-James G. Carter [57] ABSTRACT Mixtures comprising a low molecular weight diol, a liquid modifier compound having a boiling point above about 150C, such as an organic carbonate, a polyisocyanate having a functionality of at least about 2.5 and an organometallic catalyst instantly set, after a brief induction period, to a solid, dense, rigid polymeric product which can be demolded within a period of from less than 1 minute to about 5 minutes.

18 Claims, N0 Drawings RAPID SETTING POLYURETHANES FROM DIOLS AND POLYISOCYANATES PREPARED IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ORGANIC CARBONATE This application is a continuationdn-part of application Ser. No. 358,245, filed May 7, 1973 now US. Pat. No. 3,801,532 which is a continuation-in-part of appli cation Ser. No. 205,697, filed Dec, 7, 1971, now abondoned.

This invention relates to polyurethanes and more particularly it relates to rigid, dense, rapid-setting polyurethane compositions.

Rapid setting polyurethane compositions are known in the art such as those taught in US. Pat. No. 3,378,5l l however, these rapid-setting urethane com positions require the use of polyols having a functionality of at least 3.

It has now been unexpectedly discovered that rapidsetting, rigid polyurethanes can be prepared from di functional polyols when the polyisocyanate has a functionality of at least about 2.5.

The term rapid setting" as used herein means that the Composition will rapidly solidify without the application of external sources of heat and can be removed from a mold within 5 minutes and preferably within 3 minutes from the time the organo-metallic Catalyst is mixed into the composition. Upon removal from the mold, the products have sufficient strength to be handled and normally have sufficient strength to be em ployed for for their intended purpose; however. the physical properties, if desired. usually can be improved by post curing at elevated temperatures.

The term dense" as employed herein means that the polyurethane product has a density ofat least about 1.0 grams/cc.

The term rigid" as employed herein means that the product has an elongation value of less than about 100 percent.

The rigid, dense. rapid setting polyurethane compositions of the present invention which can be dcmolded within less than about 5 minutes and prcfcrabiy less than about 3 minutes are obtained by intimately admixing a composition comprising A. a dihydroxyl-containing compound having a hy droxyl equivalent weight of less than about 250;

B. an organic polyisocyanate having an NCO func tionality of at least about 2.5;

C. a liquid modifier compound having a boiling point of at least about l50C and which moderates the reaction exotherm between components (A), (B), and (D) without substantial reaction therewith. and

D. an organometallic catalyst; wherein components (A) and (B) are present in quantities such that the NCOzOH ratio is from about 0.8:l to about l.5:l and preferably from about 0.9:l to about l.2:l, the quantity of component (C) is from about l to about 50 and preferably from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C) with the proviso that when component (C) is a haloaliphatic compound, it is employed in a quantity from about 0.2 to about 50 prefer-- ably from about 2 to about 20 percent by weight based on the combined weight of (A), (B) and (C), and when the haloaliphatic compounds also contain hydroxyl groups, from about 0.2 to about 10, preferably from about l to about percent by weight of the combined weights of components (A), (B) and (C), and compomeat (D) is present in quantities of from about 0.01 to about l0. preferably from about 0.1 to about 2.0 per cent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).

Suitable dihydroxylcontaining compounds having an OH equivalent weight below about 250 which are employed as component (A) include, for example. ethyl ene glycol, propylene glycol, butylcnc glycol. pcntzmediol, hexancdiol, dicthylenc glycol. dipropylcne glycol, bisphenol A. resorcinol. catcchol. hydroquinonc, mixtures thereof, adducts of a dihydroxyl-containing compound and a vicinal epoxy compound such as. for example. ethylcnc oxide, ll propylene oxide. butylene oxide. epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin. mixtures thereof and the like. When the dihydroxyl containing compound is a solid it is suitably employed by dissolving it in a suitable solvent selected from those compounds which are suitably employed as component (C) such as. for example. trin butyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate and the like.

Suitable polyisocyanatcs which are employed as component (B) in the polyurethane compositions of the present invention include those having an average NCO functionality of at least about 1.5 such as, for example, the polynicthylcnc polyphcnyl isocyanates, NCO-containing prcpolymers such as the reaction products of an excess of an organic diisocynnatc with polyhydroxyl containing compounds having from 3 to about 8 OH groups per molecule such as, for example, glyccrinc, trimcthylolpropane, pentacrythritol, sorbitol. sucrose, mixtures thereof and mixtures with dihydroxyl-containing compounds such that the average hydroxyl functionality of the mixture is at least about 2.5. it is preferred that the organic polyisocya nate be liquid; however in the event that it is a solid or semisolid or ol a relzttitcly high viscosity such that blending with the other components would be difficult or inconvenient, they may be prepared in a suitable solvent seiected from those compositions which are employed as component (C) herein and any quantity of such component (C) employed as a solvent for the polyisocyanate is included as a portion of the total quantity of component (C) employed in the polyurethane composition. Suitable such solvents include, for example, trichlorobemene, propylene carbonate and the like.

Suitable organic diisocyanates which are employed in the preparation of the prcpolymers containing an aver age of at least 2.5 NCO groups include for example, 2.4-toluenexiiisocyanate., 2,6-tolttenediisocyanatc. hexamethylene diisocyanate, p,pdiphcnylmethancdiisocyanate. pphenylenediisocyanatc, hydrogenated methylene di phenyldiisocyanate leg. Hylcnc W) naphthalene diisocyanate. dianisidinc diisocyanate. mixtures of one or more polyisocyanates and the like.

The prepolyrncrs employed as the polyisocyanatc, component (B), in the present invention have a free NCO content of from about 8 to about 40 and preferably from about 12 to about 32 percent by weight.

Suitable compounds which are employed as the modifier compound, component (C), in the present invention include those liquid compounds having a boiling point above about C at atmospheric pressure and which moderate the reaction exotherm between components (A). (B) and (D) without substantial reaction therewith. They are selected from the group consisting f fatty oils, fatty acids, organic phosphates, organic hosphites, organic phosphonates, cyclic ethers, aroiatic compounds, partially hydrogenated aromatic ompounds, halogenated aliphatic compounds, cyclic ulfones, organic carbonates, liquid esters of carboxylic cids and mixtures thereof.

Suitable aromatic compounds which are employed as he liquid modifier compound having a boiling point bove about 150C (Component C) in the present inention include, for example, straight and branch chain liphatic, alkoxy and halogen substituted benzenes, ar- -matic substituted benzene and aromatic ethers, such s, for example, propenyl benzene, propylbenzene. buylbenzene, ethyltoluene, butyltoluene, propyltoluene, iiphenyl oxide, biphenyl, o, m and p-diethylbenzene, Iodecylbenzene, octadecylbenzene, bromobenzene, -bromo-3-chlorobenzene, l-bromo-4-fluorobenzene, -bromo-2-iodobenzene, l-bromo-3iodobenzene, -chloro-4-tluorobenzene, o-dibromobenzene, mlibromobenzene. o-dichlorobenzene, mlichlorobenzene, l,3-dipropoxybenzene, l-ethyl-4- iropylbenzene, l-fluoro-4-iodobenzene, 4-bromoo- :ylene, mbromo-m-xylene, 4bromo-m-xylene, a-chlo- (Component C) in the present invention includes, for example. olcic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and the fatty acids resulting from the hydrolysis of naturally occurring oils of animal and vegetable origin including for example, linseed oil, castor oil, tung oil, fish oil, soya oil and the like and such acids as are produced as byproducts in chemical processes including for example, tall oil, the byproduct resulting from the conversion of wood pulp to paper by the sulfate process, mixtures of any of the above and the like.

Also operable as the liquid modifier compound are the naturally occurring fatty oils having boiling points above about l50C including, for example, linseed oil, castor oil, tung oil, fish oil, soya oil, and the like.

Suitable organophosphorus compounds which are employed as the liquid modifier compound, component (C), include, for example, organo phosphates, organo phosphites and organo phosphonates having boiling points above about 150C.

Organo phosphates, phosphites and phosphonates which are employed as the liquid modifier compound include those liquid compounds represented by the formulae 'o-m-xylene, 4-ethyl-m-xylene, S-ethyl-m-xylene, 2- Jromo-p-xylene, a-chloro-p-xylene, Z-ethyLp-xylene, 3-ethyl-p-xylene, o-bromo-toluene, m-bromotoluene, J-, m-, and p-chlorotoluene, tertiary butylstyrene, r-bromostyrene, B-bromostyrene. a-chlorostyrene, 3 chlorostyrene, mixtures thereof and the like.

The above compounds are represented by the followng general formula provided it is understood that such :ompounds represented by the formula are liquids and iave boiling points at atmospheric pressure above ibout l50C.

wherein R R and R are independently selected from in alkyl group having from about i to about l8 carbon itoms, an alkenyl group having from 2 to about 3 car non atoms, a halogen, an alkoxy group, an aromatic group and hydrogen.

Other suitable aromatic compounds which are em- )loyed as the liquid modifier compound (Component 3) in the present invention include liquid multi-ring :ompounds having a boiling point above about 150C such as, for example, lchloro-naphthalene, l-bromoiaphthalene, mixtures thereof and the like.

Suitable partially hydrogenated multi-ring aromatic :ompounds which are employed as the liquid modifier :ompound (Component C) in the present invention in :lude, for example, 1,4-dihydronaphthalene, l,2,3,4- :etrahydronaphthalene, mixtures thereof and the like.

Suitable fatty acids and naturally occurring fatty oils which are employed as the liquid modifier compounds wherein R R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxyaryl, aryloxyaryl, alkaryl, aralkyl groups and halogen substituted derivatives thereof. Y is oxygen or sulfur, X is a halogen, i.e. chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine, n has a value of l or 2. Suitable compounds include, for example, tri-nbutyl phosphate, triethylphosphate, tricresylphosphate, tris-( beta-ch1oroethyl )phosphate, tris-( 2,3- dibromopropyl)phosphate, butyl dichlorophosphate, 2-chloroethyl dichlorophosphate, ethyl dichlorophosphate, diethyl fluorophosphate, bis( 2-chloroethyl) fluorophosphate, dibutyl chlorophosphate, isoamyl dichlorothionophosphate, ethyl dibromothiophosphate, 2-chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate, Z-methoxyphenyl dichlorophosphate, Z-phcnoxyphenyl dichlorophosphate, 2-chloroethyl dichlorophosphite, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, diethyl isoamylphosphonate, diethyl ethylphosphonate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate, diisobutyl isobutylphosphonate, bis(Z-bromopropyl)-2-bromopropane phosphonate.

When haloor dihalo-phosphates or phosphites or their thiono derivatives are employed as the liquid modifier compound (component C), they are preferably added to the composition just prior to the Organometal catalyst so as to minimize their reaction with the hydroxyl groups of the diol, component (A).

The organo phosphorus compounds may be prepared by procedures described in ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, G. M. Kosolapoff, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1950.

Suitable liquid organic carbonates which are employed as the liquid modifier, component (C), in the present invention include the acyclic and cyclic carbonates represented by the formulae wherein each R, and R are independently aryl, alkyl (having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms) or alkenyl groups (having from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms) and substituted derivatives thereof and each R and R, are selected from the same groups as R and R and hydrogen.

Suitable liquid acyclic organic carbonates which are employed in the present invention include, for example, bis(2-chloroethyl carbonate), di-n-butyl carbonate, butyldiglycol carbonate, cresyldiglycol carbonate. dibutyl carbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, dimethallyl carbonate, dinonyl carbonate and the like. The organic acyclic carbonate may be prepared by procedures given in US. Pat. No. 2,687,425.

Suitable liquid cyclic organic carbonates include, for example, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, styrene carbonate, mixtures thereof and the like. The cyclic organic carbonates may be prepared in the manner described in Canadian Pat. No. 556,006.

Suitable cyclic polyethers which are employed as the liquid modifier (component C) include, for example, the cyclic tetramer of ethylene oxide, cyclic pentamer of propylene oxide, cyclic tetramer of propylene oxide, mixtures of the above and mixtures of cyclic pentamers and above of ethylene oxide and or propylene oxide. Any liquid cyclic polyether having a boiling point above 150C may be employed as the liquid modifier in the present invention including cyclic polyethers prepared from butylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and the like.

The liquid cyclic polyether modifier compounds are prepared by procedures mentioned in Cyclic Polyethers and Their Complexes with Metal Salts" by C. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc, Vol. 89, p. 7017-7036, 1968, Twelve-Membered Polyether Rings. The cyclic Tetramers of Some Olefin Oxides" by R. S. Kern; J. Org. Chem, Vol. 33, p. 388-390, 1968; British Pat. Nos. 785,229 and 1,108,921.

Suitable halogenated aliphatic compounds having a boiling point above about 150C which are employed as the modifier compound in the present invention include, for example, tetrabromoethane, bromoform,

hexachlorobutadiene, tetrachlorobutadiene, 1,2,3 ,3- tetrachlorobutane, 1,5-dibromopentane, 1,1,2- tribromopropane, 1 ,2,3-trichloropropene, polyepiweight on the same basis i.e. the sum of the weights of components (A), (B) and (C). When the halogenated aliphatic compounds employed herein also contain hydroxyl groups and have a hydroxyl equivalent weight of less than 500, the quantity which is to be employed is from about 0.2 to about 10 and preferably from about 0.4 to about 5 percent by weight based upon the combined weights of (A), (B) and (C).

Suitable cyclic sulfones which are employed as the liquid modifier compound include the S-membered cyclic sulfones such as, for example, 3'methylsulfolane (3-methyltetrahydrothiophene-l ,l-dioxide) and the like.

Suitable esters ofa carboxylic acid which may be employed as component (C) in the present invention include those esters prepared from monoand polycarboxylic acids having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms such as for example phthalic, adipic, acetoacetic, formic, acetic, abietic, acids, and the like and wherein the ester portion contains from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, eicosyl and the like so long as the carboxylic acid ester has a boiling point above about C and is a liquid at room temperature.

These acid esters may be prepared by condensing an acid having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the ester product is a liquid and has a b.p. l50C.

The term liquid modifier boiling above about 150C includes eutectic mixtures of the previously de scribed classes of compounds which are solids at atmospheric pressure but said eutectic mixtures are a liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure which have boiling points above about 150C. Also included in the definition are those solid compounds of the classes previously described which are dissolved in a liquid member of any of the described classes of compounds having boiling points above about 150C wherein the resultant solution is a liquid at standard conditions of temperature and pressure and have boiling points at atmospheric pressure above about 150C.

Suitable organo-metal catalysts for urethane formation which are employed in the present invention include, for example, organo-metal compounds of tin, zinc, lead, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, cobalt, manganese, antimony, iron and the like such as, for example, metal salts ofa carboxylic acid having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms including, for example, stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, ferric acetylacetonate, lead octoate, lead oleate, phenylmercuric propionate, cobalt naphthenate, lead naphthenate, mixtures thereof and the like.

It is preferred that the catalysts be employed in liquid form. Those catalysts which are not ordinarily liquids may be added as a solution in a solvent which is compatible with the other components employed in the composition of the present invention. Suitable such solvents include, for example, dioctylphthalate, polyoxyalkylene glycols, mineral spirits, dipropylene glycol, mixtures thereof and the like.

It has previously been stated that the quantity of the organo-metal catalyst is in the range of from about 0.1 to about 10%.

Rigid polyurethane products can be prepared by rap idly mixing the components of the compositions of the present invention. It is preferred to thoroughly blend together the components represented by (A), the diol, (B), the polyisocyanate and (C), the liquid modifier compound and then mixing the resultant mixture with component (D). the catalyst. Mechanical dispensing or combination mixing-dispensing devices can be employed by utilizing 2 or more streams of the individual components or mixtures of the components which are introduced into said device.

Other components including inert fillers such as, for example, sand, microballoons, glass fibers, asbestos, aluminum granules, silicon carbide powder and the like, coloring agents, such as pigments and dyes including, for example, chromic oxide, ferric oxide, mixtures thereof and the like may be employed in the compositions of the present invention without detracting from the scope thereof.

The compositions of the present invention rapidly produce solid products which may be demolded, ie the articles produced therefrom may be removed from the mold, within about minutes, usually within about 3 minutes and preferably within about 1 minute or less from the time the catalyst is blended into the mixture and do not require the application of external sources of heat to accomplish this, although in some circumstances it may be desirable to post cure, at elevated temperatures, the products in order to develop certain properties. The compositions of the present invention not only can be demolded within 5 minutes and often in less than 2 to 3 minutes, but the cast objects pro duced therefrom have developed sufficient strength properties to be employed immediately upon cooling to room temperature for their intended purpose. The cast objects are hot or warm to the touch immediately after removing from the mold due to the exotherm generated during the reaction. This is a valuable contribution to the urethane molding art, in that productivity can be increased employing a given quantity of molds.

The choice of the catalyst involves the desired time delay between the catalyst being mixed into the reagents and the liquid mix "instantly" solidifying. For example, if polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate is used along with dipropylene glycol and an ester of a dibasic acid such as dioctylphthalate as the liquid modifier compound, then the addition of about 1 percent stannous octoate catalyst will yield a delay or induction time of about seconds before the mixture suddenly freezes into a solid. Substitution of a manganese carboxylate at the same catalyst level stretches this delay time to about 60 seconds, and lead octoate (24 percent Pb) exhibits a delay time of about 105 seconds before extremely rapid solidification occurs.

The change of isocyanate to a more reactive one, i.e. the substitution ofa prepolymer prepared from toluene diisocyanate for polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, correspondingly decreases the delay time before rapid solidification takes place at the same isocyanate level.

Suitable materials from which adequate molds, for casting the compositions of the present invention, may be prepared include polymers such as, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, their copolymers and the like, polyurethanes, polysiloxane elastomers, Mylar, cured polyepoxides, mixtures thereof and the like.

lt is preferred to employ relatively thin wall molds or molds having a low heat capacity or thermal conductivity. Heavy molds made of relatively high thermal conductivity materials such as aluminum, copper, iron or steel and the like may present curing problems, i.e. the reactants may not be readily demolded unless the mold is preheated to about 5090C, especially when casting relatively thin sections. However, high thermal conductivity materials such as copper or aluminum can be employed as thin wall molds without preheating if the thermal capacity of the mold is relatively low compared to the amount of heat liberated in the casting.

The compositions of the present invention are useful as, but not restricted to such uses as, a casting material for preparing bearing surfaces, annular spacers, decorative objects, furniture or furniture components, gears or other machine components, threaded protective plugs and caps, and the like.

The following examples are illustrative of the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof in any manner.

EXAMPLE I A. An Example of the Present Invention In a suitable container were thoroughly blended all the components of the composition except the catalyst. After the components except the catalyst were blended together, the catalyst was rapidly blended with the pre vious well-blended mixture and the resultant mixture was poured into a polyethylene beaker as a mold. The components were as follows:

14 grams of propylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about l33. 30 grams of chloronaphthalene 1 cc of stannous octoate catalyst (T9 from M & T

Chemicals). The mixture suddenly solidified within about 30 seconds after catalyst addition and 30 seconds later the casting was removed from the mold. The rigid casting was free of bubbles and had a density of 1.15 grams/cc. B. Experiment Showing lnoperability When Modifier Compound is Absent The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

28 grams of propylene glycol 92 grams of polymethylenepolyphenylisocyanate employed in l-A. 2 cc of stannous octoate catalyst (commercial). The mixture suddenly solidified within about 30 seconds after catalyst addition but then the casting began to swell and warp. The resultant distorted casting has a density of 0.8 gram/cc.

EXAMPLE 2 Av An Example of the Present Invention The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

18 grams of diethylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of I33. 20 grams of cyclic propylene carbonate 1 cc of lead octoate (24% Pb) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 20 seconds after catalyst addition and about 25 seconds later the resultant casting was removed from the mold. The dense, rigid casting had a density of 1.2 grams/cc.

Bi Comparative Experiment Demonstrating lnoperability of Amine Catalysts The same procedure was employed in Example l-A but with the following components.

18 grams of diethylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisoeyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about l33.

20 grams of cyclic propylene carbonate 1 cc of a 33 percent solution of tricthylenediamine in dipropylene glycol.

The mixture required more than 6 minutes after catalyst addition to solidify and could not be removed from the mold within 10 minutes after catalyst addition be cause the casting was still tacky to the touch.

EXAMPLE 3 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

21 grams of dipropylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an average NCO equivalent weight of about i33 l grams of tributylphosphite 1 cc of lead octoate (24% Pb) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 12 seconds after catalyst addition and the casting was removed from the mold 18 seconds later. The rigid. dense casting had a density of L07 grams/cc.

EXAMPLE 4 The same procedure was employed as in Example lA but with the following components.

2| grams of dipropylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality ofabout 2.6 and an NCO equivalent Weight of about I33.

30 grams of tricresyl phosphate 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 2U sec onds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold 20 seconds later. The solid rigid casting had a density of 1.13 grams/cc.

EXAMPLE The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

26 grams of triethylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylenc polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 133 grams of the cyclic tetramer ether of ethylene oxide 1 cc of dibutyltindilaurate catalyst The mixture suddenly solidified within about l5 seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold about l5 seconds later. The dense. rigid casting has a density of 1.16 gram/cc.

EXAMPLE 6 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

26 grams of triethyleneglycol Acid value WU Saponification \aluc I93 .76 Fatty acids 69 Resin acids. 7v 2) Unsaponifiablcs, I? 2 (iill'dflLFHUlLll Viscosity at 25C I) Weight per gallon at 25C 7 35 lbs.

1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 15 seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold within about 4U seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid casting had a density of L08 grams/cc.

EXAlvlPLE 7 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A except that the mixture was cast into a sheet in a Mylar tray and employed the following components.

42 grams of dipropvlcnc glycol 92 grams of polymcthylenc polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an average NCO equivalent weight of about 133 20 grams of cyclic l.2-propylene carbonate 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 30 seconds after catalyst addition and was demolded within about seconds aftci' catalyst addition.

The rigid dark brown sheet had a density l gram/cc. an ultimate tensile strength of 9013 psi at an elongation of i461.

EXAMPLE 8 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

33 grams of tripropylcne glycol 47 grams of polymcthylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of 3.2 and an average NCO equivalent weight of 135.

20 grams of the cyclic ether tetramer of ethylene oxide 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 15 sec onds after catalyst addition and was demolded within about 30 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid casting had a density of Lilo grams/cc and a Shore D hardness of 93.

EXAMPLE 9 A. An isocyanate terminated prepolymer was prepared by blending 4 moles of an /20 mixture of 2.4!2.6 toluene-diisocyanate with 1 mole of the reaction product of glycerine with propylene oxide in a molar ratio of l13 respectively. The resultant product contained the reaction product of about l mole of toluenediisocyanate per hydroxyl group of the glycerinepropylene oxide reaction product and l mole of unreacted toluenediisocyanate. The product therefore had an average functionality of about 2.5 and a free NCO of about 21.7.

B. The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

14 grams of diethylcne glycol 50 grams of the prepolymer prepared in A above 30 grams of Chlorowax N0. 41) (a liquid chlorinated paraffin containing about 40% chlorine) 1 cc of lead octoate (24% Pb) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 20 sec )nds after catalyst addition and was demolded within about 30 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid cast- ,ng had a density of 1.14 grams/cc and a Sho e D hardiess of 87.

EXAMPLE 10 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

14 grams of diethylene glycol 50 grams of the NCO terminated prepolymer pre pared in Example 9-A blended with 25 grams of trichlorobenzene. 1 cc of lead octoate catalyst The resultant mixture suddenly solidified within about 15 seconds after catalyst addition and was demolded within about 30 seconds after catalyst addition. The solid translucent casting had a density of 1 gramlcc and a Shore D hardness 90.

EXAMPLE ll (COMPARATIVE) Using a Polyisocyanate Having a NCO Functionality Below 2.5

A. An NCO terminated prepolymer was prepared by reacting 8 moles of an 80/20 blend of 2,4 /2,6- toluenediisocyanate with one mole of the reaction product of glycerine with propylene oxide in a molar ratio of 1:3 respectively. The resultant prepolymer had an average NCO functionality of about 2.2 and a NCO of about 32.

B. The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

33 grams of diethyleneglycol 45 grams of the prepolymer prepared in ll-A above 30 grams of Chlorowax No. 40 (described in Example 9-B) 1 cc of lead octoate (24% Pb) Six minutes after catalyst addition, the mixture was still a viscous frothy liquid.

EXAMPLE 12 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

2l grams of dipropylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an average NCO equivalent weight of about 133 1.2 grams of hexachlorobutadienc.

l cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture instantly solidified within about 25 seconds after catalyst addition and was demolded within about 50 seconds after catalyst addition. The solid casting had a density greater than l gram/cc and a Shore D hardness of 95.

EXAMPLE 13 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

21 grams of dipropylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 133 30 grams of dioctylphthalate 0.5 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The resultant mixture instantly solidified within about 20 seconds and was demolded within about 40 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid casting had a density 1 gram/cc and a Shore D hardness of 94.

EXAMPLE 14 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

30 grams of tripropylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 133 30 grams of methylabietate 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture instantly solidified within about 25 seconds and was demolded within about 55 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid casting has a density 1 gram/cc and a Shore D hardness of 92.

EXAMPLE 15 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

30 grams of tripropylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 133.

30 grams of dimethyl adipate 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 25 seconds and was demolded within about 45 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid casting had a density 1 gram/cc EXAMPLE 16 A prepolymer was prepared by reacting 128 grams of the reaction product of pentaerythritol with propylene oxide in a molar ratio of about 1:5 respectively, the product having an OH equivalent weight of about 78 with 290 grams of an 80/20 mixture of the 2,4-2.6 isomers of toluene/diisocyanate in the presence of 209 grams of trichlorobenzene as a solvent for the prepolymer. The resultant prepolymer had an average NCO functionality of about 3 and a percent free NCO of about 13.4.

The above prepared prepolymer was employed in preparing a rapid setting polyurethane employing the procedure of Example lA and the following components.

53 grams of the above prepared prepolymer which is actually about 35.3 grams of the prepolymer and 17.7 grams of trichlorobenzene 9 grams of diethylene glycol 1 cc of lead octoate (24% Pb) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 20 seconds after catalyst addition and was demolded within about 40 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid casting had a density 1 gram/cc and a Shore D hardness of 94.

EXAMPLE 17 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

75 grams of the reaction product of bisphenol A with ethylene oxide in a molar ratio of about 1:4 and having a OH of about 7.97.

46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 133.

grams of dioctylphthlate 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold within about 60 seconds after catalyst addition. The opaque, tan, rigid product had a density of 1 gram/cc and a Shore D hardness of 93.

EXAMPLE 18 The same procedure as in Example l-A but with the following components.

12 grams of 1,3-butylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 133.

30 grams of dioctylphthalate 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 20 seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold within about 60 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid, opaque, tan casting had a density of 1.06 grams/cc and a Shore D hardness of 88.

EXAMPLE 19 The same procedure was employed as in Example l-A but with the following components.

21 grams of dipropylene glycol 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and a NCO equivalent weight of about 133.

30 grams of dioctyl phthalate 1 cc lead octoate (24% Pb) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 105 seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold within about 3 /minutes after catalyst addition. The rigid casting has a density of 1 gram/cc.

EXAMPLE 20 14 having a Gardner color of a maximum of 16 and a maximum Gardner-Holdt viscosity at 77F of C commercially available from Mooney Chemicals, Inc.)

The mixture suddenly solidified within about seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold within about 120 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid casting had a density 1 gram/cc.

EXAMPLE 21 The same procedure was employed as in Example 7 but with the following components.

42 grams of dipropylene glycol 92 grams of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of 133.

60 grams of dioctyl phthalate 1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture instantly solidified within about 20 seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the mold within about 40 seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid opaque casting had a density 1 gram/cc, a Shore D hardness of 94, a tensile strength of 9,077 psi and an elongation of 13 percent.

EXAMPLE 22 An NCO-containing prepolymer was prepared from grams of bisphenol A (p,p-isopropylidene diphenol) powder was dissolved in 80 grams of triethylphosphate.

The procedure of Example 7 was employed with the following components.

80 grams of the bisphenol A-triethylphosphate mixture i.e. 40 grams bisphenol A and 40 grams triethyl phosphate 46 grams of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate having an average functionality ofabout 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 133.

1 cc of stannous octoate (commercial) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 50 seconds after catalyst addition and was removed from the Mylar tray within about seconds after catalyst addition. The rigid, dark amber casting has a density than l gram/cc and when placed in the flame of a Bunsen burner and subsequently removed, it was found to exhibit self extinguishing characteristics and appeared to exhibit excellent char formation.

EXAMPLE 23 ln each of the following experiments, the procedure of Example 1 herein was employed, employing the components given in the following Table.

The results obtained therefrom are also reported in the following Table.

Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4 Experiment 5 COMPONENT AND (Present (Comparative (Comparative (Comparative (Comparative PROPERTY lnvention) Experiment) Experiment) Experiment) Experiment) PAPI'. grams 46 46 46 46 46 Chlorowax No. 40 3O 30 30 none Dipropylcne glycol 23 23 23 23 23 Catalyst. type/quantity T-9 llcc DABCO"/1ce DMEA"/ lcc none T qjl solidification time 15 sec 35 min 3-495 mm 25-30 min. 10 sec. Demold time. see. 30 bet e between 5% 7% min. 5 6 min. 55 min. 60 Density. g/cc 1.27 .9 Remarks solid, khakisolid, khakiproduct solid, between 60 and colored, bubblecolored castswelled due khakiseconds, the casting free casting ing was filled to formacolored, swelled, distorted with microvoids tion of microbubble and developed stress bubbles free casting fissures or cracks PAPI was a polymetl'iylcne polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality ol'about 2.6 and an average NCO equivalent weight of about 134.

Chlorowax No. 40 was a liquid chlorinated paraffin containing about 40% chlorine.

P9 was stannous octoate, commercially available from M811 Chemicals. DABCO was a 33']: solution of triethylenc diamine in dipropylene glycol. DMFA was dirncthyl ethanolarnine The time was measured from the instant all of the components were blended together.

The above experiments clearly indicate that the products of the present invention cannot be prepared when an amine-containing catalyst is employed, (2) when a modifier compound is not employed or (3) when no catalyst is employed.

EXAMPLE 24 The procedure of Example lA was employed with the following components:

23 grams of dipropylene glycol 46 grams of a polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.7-2.8 and an NCO equivalent weight of about l33.

lb grams of bis(2chloroethyl)carbonate 1 cc ofT-9 catalyst (a stannous octoate solution containing 28 percent tin. 97 percent of which is stannous commercially available from M & T Chemicals) The mixture suddenly solidified within about 30 seconds and was demolded within about 60 seconds after catalyst addition, The solid. rigid cast object had a density of about l g/cc and a Shore D hardness of about 85.

I claim:

1. A rigid. non-cellular composition having a density of at least about 1 gram/cc and an elongation value of less than about I percent which is demoldable, with out the application of an external source of heat, within about minutes after admixture of the components of the composition which is the reaction product ofa pol yurethane-forming composition comprising A. a dihydroxyl-containing compound having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of less than about 250;

B. an organic polyisocyanate having an NCO functionality of at least about 2.5;

C. a liquid modifier compound having a boiling point of at ieast about 150C or mixture of such compounds and which moderates the reaction exotherm between components (A) (B) and (D) without substantial reaction therewith selected from the group consisting of organic carbonates and mixtures thereof; and

D. an organometallic catalyst; wherein components (A) and (B) are present in quantities such that the NCOzOH ratio is from about 0.811 to about 1.5:], component (C) is present in quantities of from about It] to about 50 percent by weight of the combined weights of components (A). (B) and (C); and component (D) is present in quantities of from about 0. to about percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein component (D) is employed in quantities of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A) (B) and (C) and the NCOzOH ratio is from about 0.9:1 to about 1.2:

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein component (C) is a cyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).

4. The composition of claim 3 wherein component (C) is propylene carbonate.

5. The composition of claim 2 wherein component (C) is an acyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).

6. The composition of claim 5 wherein component 16 (C) is bis(2-chloroethyl)carbonate.

7. The composition of claim 1 cast as a furniture component.

8. The composition of claim 1 cast as a decorative object.

9. The composition of claim 1 cast as a machine component.

10. A process for producing solid, rigid, polyurethane articles having a density of at least 1 g/cc, a percent elongation of less than 100, and which can be demolded within a period of about 5 minutes without the addition of an external source of heat which process comprises:

l. admixing the components of a composition comprising A. a dihydroxyl-containing compound having a hydroxyl equivalent weight of less than about 250;

B. an organic polyisocyanate having an NCO func tionality of at least about 2.5;

C. a liquid modifier compound having a boiling point of at least about C or mixture of such compounds and which moderates the reaction exotherm between components (A), (B) and (D) without substantial reaciton therewith selected from the group consisting of organic carbonates and mixtures thereof; and

D. an organometallic catalyst;

wherein components (A) and (B) are present in quantities such that the NCOzOH ratio is from about 0.8:] to about 1.521, component (C) is present in quantities of from about l0 to about 50 percent by weight of the combined weights of components (A), (B) and (C); and component (D) is present in quantities of from about 0.02 to about 5.0 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C);

2v placing the admixed composition into a suitable mold wherein said composition solidifies within less than about 5 minutes to a solid having the aforesaid density and elongation; and

3. subsequently demolding the resultant article from the mold.

1]. The process of claim 10 wherein component (D) is employed in quantities of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A). (B) and (C) and the NCOzOH ratio is from about 0.911 to about 1.211.

12. The process of claim 11 wherein component (C) is a cyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).

13. The process of claim 12 wherein component (C) is propylene carbonate.

14. The process of claim 11 wherein component (C) is an acyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).

15. The process of claim 14 wherein component (C) is bis(2-chloroethyl)carbonate.

16. The process of claim 10 wherein said mold is that of a furniture component.

17. The process of claim 10 wherein said mold is that of a decorative object.

18. The process of claim 10 wherein said mold is that of a machine component.

IF l 

1. A RIGID, NON-CELLULAR COMPOSITION HAVING A DENSITY OF AT LEAST ABOUT 1 GRAM/CC AND AN ELONGATION VALUE OF LESS THAN ABOUT 100 PERCENT WHICH IS DEMOLDABLE, WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF AN EXTERNAL SOURCE OF HEAT, WITHIN ABOUT 5 MINUTES AFTER ADMIXTURE OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE COMPOSITION WHICH IS THE REACTION PRODUCT OF A POLYURETHANE-FORMING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A. A DIHYDROXYL-CONTAINING COMPOUND HAVING A HYDROXYL EQUIVALENT WEIGHT OF LESS THAN ABOUT 250; B. AN ORGANIC POLYISOCYANATE HAVING AN NCO FUNCTIONALITY OF AT LEAST ABOUT 2.5; C. A LIQUID MODIFIER COMPOUND HAVING A BOILING POINT OF AT LEAST ABOUT 150*C OR MIXTURE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS AND WHICH MODERATES THE REACTION EXOTHERM BETWEEN COMPONENTS (A), (B) AND (D) WITHOUT SUBSTANTIAL REACTION THEREWITH SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ORGANIC CARBONATES AND MIXTURES THEREOF; AND D. AN ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYST; WHEREIN COMPONENTS (A) AND (B) ARE PRESENT IN QUANTITIES SUCH THAT THE NCO:OH RATIO IS FROM ABOUT 0.8:1 TO ABOUT 1.5:1, COMPONENT (C) IS PRESENT IN QUANTITIES OF FROM ABOUT 10 TO ABOUT 50 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE COMBINED WEIGHTS OF COMPONENTS (A), (B) AND (C); AND COMPONENT (D) IS PRESENT IN QUANTITIES OF FROM ABOUT 0.02 TO ABOUT 5.0 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE COMBINED WEIGHT OF COMPONENTS (A), (B) AND (C).
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein component (D) is employed in quantities of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C) and the NCO:OH ratio is from about 0.9:1 to about 1.2:1.
 2. placing the admixed composition into a suitable mold wherein said composition solidifies within less than about 5 minutes to a solid having the aforesaid density and elongation; and
 3. subsequently demolding the resultant article from the mold.
 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein component (C) is a cyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).
 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein component (C) is propylene carbonate.
 5. The composition of claim 2 wherein component (C) is an acyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).
 6. The composition of claim 5 wherein component (C) is bis(2-chloroethyl)carbonate.
 7. The composition of claim 1 cast as a furniture component.
 8. The composition of claim 1 cast as a decorative object.
 9. The composition of claim 1 cast as a machine component.
 10. A process for producing solid, rigid, polyurethane articles having a density of at least 1 g/cc, a percent elongation of less than 100, and which can be demolded within a period of about 5 minutes without the addition of an external source of heat which process comprises:
 11. The process of claim 10 wherein component (D) is employed in quantities of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C) and the NCO:OH ratio is from about 0.9:1 to about 1.2:1.
 12. The process of claim 11 wherein component (C) is a cyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of comPonents (A), (B) and (C).
 13. The process of claim 12 wherein component (C) is propylene carbonate.
 14. The process of claim 11 wherein component (C) is an acyclic carbonate and is employed in a quantity of from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and (C).
 15. The process of claim 14 wherein component (C) is bis(2-chloroethyl)carbonate.
 16. The process of claim 10 wherein said mold is that of a furniture component.
 17. The process of claim 10 wherein said mold is that of a decorative object.
 18. The process of claim 10 wherein said mold is that of a machine component. 